Abortion: 

Women cannot be forced to carry a child for 9 months against her wishes. Is a baby fully human- cannot look after itself? Disabled foetus? Pain relief? 
‘Sanctity of Life’ : All life is sacred and a gift from God. Worthy of respect, reverence. We have a duty to preserve life. We are made in the image of God. However, doctrine of the double effect: e.g. an ectopic pregnancy- considered okay to remove the embryo  as the intention is to save the life of the mother rather than kill the foetus
Personhood: when does life begin? At conception-potential/after- when heart and brain work/at birth-first breath?? Is it a person?- does it have emotions, reason, ability to communicate? 
Quality of life: Who benefits and whose quality of life is being judged? 
Right to life and rights of those involved: potential life has rights and obligations as well as the mother/family. 
Issue of infertility and right to a child:  is a child a gift or a right? Is it right to pay someone to carry a baby?Is it right to obtain sperm samples by masturbation?  What is its moral status of foetus on journey from zygote to a baby? Replaced normal sexual activity as method of reproduction. The rights of infertile to produce of prime importance? Demand of more liberal adoption laws instead? Is there a right to reproduce?  Who has the right to a child: married couple, heterosexual etc? 
Status of embryo: severely disabled- quality of life???


Ethical theories:
Kant: No. Even with threat to mother's life it is still using humanity as a means to an end. Foetus= humanity?? Abortion would be hard to universalize- many different circumstances and motivations. Abortion is an emotional decision especially in the cases of rape, disabled foetus, etc. Would also take no account of the stage of pregnancy at which abortion was taking place. Abortion would be treating foetus as a means to an end if it's considered a person. Kant's stress on acting out of duty alone, no account for compassion/love means all consequences are ignored. 
Natural Law: purpose of humans is to protect and preserve humanity. Absolute deontological principle. Ectopic pregnancy- no exception. Act of abortion itself: reproduction as a PP and abortion goes against it- stops the purpose of the outcome of procreation. If foetus is considered human from conception, it also goes against PP of protection of the innocent
Utilitarianism: If it promotes the greatest happiness, the end justifies the means- f it brings about the greatest good. Individual sovereignty. Only works if possible to assess the effects of an abortion- difficult in practice and can't always predict the consequences. (Mother may react badly to operation-unable to have further children, may haunt her for rest of life- regret (pain and suffering)
Preference U.: considers family, mother- measures harm to all those involved
For IVF, U. would consider the low success rate and and the effect of unhappiness on the couple and family and friends. The cost on the health service also could be better spent saving more lives and so increasing more happiness for the majority. Is it ethical to spend money on assisting reproduction for a few and so adding to the population of the world and the pain and suffering of many as a result of the growing poverty in the world.